How to Prepare Before Joining National Defence Academy (NDA)

Introduction

Prepare before joining the NDA: The National Defence Academy (NDA) Khadakwasla is a prestigious military training institution located in India. Established in 1949, it is situated in the picturesque surroundings of Khadakwasla near Pune, Maharashtra. The NDA is a premier tri-service academy that imparts training to cadets from the Indian Army, Indian Navy, and the Indian Air Force, preparing them to become future leaders and officers of the Indian Armed Forces. The academy’s primary objective is to provide a comprehensive and rigorous training program that encompasses academics, physical fitness, leadership development, and military skills. With its rich history, stunning campus, and a reputation for producing some of the finest officers in the country, the National Defence Academy Khadakwasla holds a significant place in India’s military education and defence preparedness. This introduction sets the stage for a detailed discussion on the academy, its history, training programs, and the vital role it plays in India’s defence infrastructure.

1. Eligibility Criteria:

The eligibility criteria for the National Defence Academy (NDA) in India may vary slightly over time and are subject to change. As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, here are the general eligibility criteria for the NDA entry:-

Nationality: The candidate must be an Indian citizen, a subject of Bhutan, or a subject of Nepal.

Age: The candidate should be between 16.5 to 19.5 years of age at the time of application.
The candidate’s date of birth should fall within the prescribed age range.

Gender: Now both male and female candidates are eligible to apply for the NDA exam.

Marital Status: Candidates must be unmarried and should not be engaged to be married.

Educational Qualifications: For Army Wing: The candidate should have completed the 10+2 or equivalent examination from a recognized board. For Air Force and Naval Wings and the candidate should have passed the 10+2 examination with Physics and Mathematics as compulsory subjects from a recognized board.

Physical Standards: The candidate should meet the prescribed physical and medical standards as specified by AHQ for the NDA entry. Secondly, candidates should not have any medical conditions or disabilities that can disqualify them at a later stage.

Selection Process: Candidates need to qualify for a written examination conducted by the UPSC (Union Public Service Commission). Qualified candidates are then called for an interview by the Services Selection Board (SSB) for a comprehensive assessment. The final selection is based on the combined performance in the written exam and SSB interview.
It is important to note that these eligibility criteria may change over time, and it is advisable to check the official website of the DGR (Recruitment) or the latest notification issued by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) for the most up-to-date information before applying for the NDA entrance examination. Additionally, there may be special provisions for candidates from certain categories or regions, so it’s essential to review the specific eligibility criteria in the official notification. Prepare before joining the NDA.

2. Application Process:

• You can get the application form on the UPSC website.
• Fill up the required detail properly.
• Select preferred branch (Army/Navy/Airforce)
• Verify all your details before uploading.
• Generate your registration ID.
• Pay the application fee as entitled.
• Upload your digital signature and photograph.
• After submission take print for your record.Application

3. UPSC Examination:

Candidates need to appear for the NDA examination, which is conducted by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC). The examination is usually held twice a year and consists the following two papers: Mathematics: This paper assesses the mathematical and analytical skills of the candidate.
General Ability Test (GAT): This paper covers English, General Knowledge, Physics, Chemistry, History, Geography and Current Affairs.

4. SSB Interview:

UPSC announces the result and shortlists the candidates on merit basis for the Services Selection Board (SSB) interview, which evaluates the candidate’s personality, communication skills, leadership traits, and overall suitability for a career in the armed forces. The SSB interview is conducted for five days, during this period candidates are assessed by psychologists, GTOs and Interviewing Officers through various tests and tasks. To know about the complete procedure of SSB read any book on SSB interview. The following documents are required during SSB interview while reporting:

• Original Marksheet of Class 12^th
• Rick Certificate (As per format given in the call letter)
• Call letter of SSB
• 20 Passport size photographs (Only in white shirt)
• Original IDs such as Aadhar Card/Voter Card/Passport/Driving License. Also, take two photocopies of it with you.

5. Medical Examination:

Candidates who pass the SSB interview undergo a thorough medical examination to ensure they meet the physical and medical standards required for a career in the armed forces, especially for NDA entry. Go through a medical instructions issued by the DG, AFMS. Prepare before joining the NDA

6. Final Merit List:

The final merit list is prepared based on the candidate’s performance in the written examination as well as in the SSB interview, keeping in the vacancies of different services (Army, Airforce and Navy). Candidates who make it to the merit list are offered a joining letter for the National Defence Academy. For which NDA Khadkwasla issues detailed joining instructions for the ease of the candidates.

7. Mental and Physical Preparation Before Joining:

Mental and physical preparation before joining the National Defence Academy (NDA) in Khadakwasla is of paramount importance. NDA is renowned for its rigorous training and high standards, both physically and mentally. Prospective cadets must cultivate unwavering discipline, determination, and resilience. Physical fitness, including endurance, strength, and agility, should be a top priority. Cadets should engage in regular exercise, including running, calisthenics, and sports. Mental preparation is equally critical, as NDA’s academic curriculum demands a sharp intellect and the ability to think under pressure. Developing strong problem-solving skills and a sound knowledge of current affairs and world events is crucial. Additionally, fostering a sense of camaraderie, leadership skills, and a deep commitment to the nation’s defense will serve cadets well during their time at NDA and beyond.

8. Daily Routine (Approximately):

9. Training at NDA:

Selected candidates undergo a rigorous three-year training program at the NDA. The training curriculum includes academic education, military training, physical fitness routines, and leadership development. The training aims to build well-rounded officers with a strong sense of discipline, integrity, and patriotism. Cadets are divided into three branches: Army, Navy, and Air Force, based on their preferences and merit. Also trained your mind set before joining the NDA.

10. Training Duration:

(a) NDA (Pune, Maharashtra):- The training duration of NDA is three years, which is further divided into six equal terms. During this period this institution imparts comprehensive education and training to young cadets aspiring to join the Indian Army, Navy, and Air Force. During this intensive program, cadets undergo a rigorous and multifaceted training regimen, which includes academic coursework, physical fitness training, leadership development and character building. The aim is to prepare them for the challenges of serving their nation as officers in the armed forces. The three-year training period at NDA equips cadets with the knowledge, skills, and values necessary to become effective leaders in their respective branches of the military. After successful training, all cadets are sent to their respective service academies for further training programs.

(b) IMA (Dehradun, Uttarakhand): All cadets of the army service join this academy for their further one-year training. Thereafter, they become officers as lieutenants and are posted to their units as earmarked during NDA training.

(c) INA (Ezhimala, Kerala): All cadets of the navy service join this academy for their further one-year training. Thereafter, they become officers as Sub Lieutenants and are posted to their units as earmarked during NDA training.

(d) AFA (Dundigal, Hyderabad): All cadets of the Air Force service join this academy for their further one-year training. Thereafter, they become officers as Flying Officers and are posted to their units as earmarked during NDA training.

11. Academic & Physical Tests During Training:

(a) Academic: During this three-year training at NDA Khadakwasla, cadets who opted for the army service complete their graduation in BA, BSc and BSc (Computer Sc) under JNU programs. The cadets who opted for Navy or Air Force services, they do graduation in a technical field i.e., B.Tech.

(b) Physical Test During Training: The entire three-year program is divided into six terms, and accordingly, various tests have been arranged to evaluate the endurance of the cadets. All cadets have to clear all their tests in the respective term only. Otherwise, they will be relegated to the next semester in case they do not cope up timely. All cadets have cleared numerous tests to advance to the next term. These include everything from Physical Training, Equitation to Swimming, Drill and Tactical Training etc. In PT tests (like Push-ups, Chin-ups and running) and various technical PT tests (Like Vaulting and Mat exercise).  There are two different levels in this, the basic tests (which are compulsory) and the higher level tests (which are for the bold and brave cadets). All test becomes progressively difficult as you grow up in seniority.

There are also tests to check the distance running capacity of the cadets. There is something known as the BPET (Battle Physical Efficiency Test) wherein you have to run 5 km with a 5 kg pack and a rifle in combat dress in 25 minutes and then clear certain other physical tests at the end of it. Then there is the PPT(Physical Proficiency Test) wherein you have to run 2.4 km in 8 mins 30 secs followed by some other tests. There are also route marches of 20 and 30 Kms in full battle load (rifle + 17 kg approximately) which needs to complete in 2 hours 10 mins and 3 hours 30 mins respectively. During the camps,  navigation exercises may extend anywhere from 50–70 Kms.

12. Challenges During Training:

Every cadet faces the following challenges during their three-year training at NDA Khadkwasla, Pune:

Physical Fitness: Cadets are subjected to intense physical training, including long marches, obstacle courses, and rigorous fitness routines. Maintaining high levels of physical fitness can be challenging, especially for those who were not physically active before joining.

Mental Toughness: The mental demands of NDA training are considerable. Cadets need to develop mental resilience to cope with stress, long hours of study, and the demanding nature of military life.

Time Management: NDA training involves a tight time schedule that includes academic classes, physical training, and various military activities. Managing time effectively can be a challenge.

Academic Rigor: Cadets need to excel academically in subjects like mathematics, science, and military studies. The academic curriculum is demanding, and keeping up with studies while managing the physical training can be a challenge.

Discipline: Military discipline is a core aspect of NDA training. Cadets are expected to follow strict rules and regulations, and maintaining discipline in all aspects of life can be challenging.

Peer Pressure: The NDA is a highly competitive environment, and cadets may face peer pressure to excel in all aspects of their training. This can add to the overall stress of training.

Harsh Weather Conditions: Khadakwasla experiences extreme weather conditions, with hot and dry summers and wet monsoons. Cadets have to adapt to these conditions during their training.

Homesickness: Cadets often come from different parts of the country, and being away from home and family for extended periods can be emotionally challenging.

Separation from Civilian Life: NDA cadets lead a highly structured and disciplined life, which can be quite different from civilian life. Adjusting to this lifestyle can be the biggest challenge for all of them.

Various challenges of the Senior Cadets: Responsibility has been given to the senior cadets to keep monitoring all junior cadets of their Sqns. As a result, you will always be under the supervision of someone. They also help their junior cadets to mold with new environment, for which they give numerous tasks.

Leadership and Teamwork: Developing leadership skills and working effectively as a team is a key part of NDA training. Cadets need to learn how to lead and follow, which can be a challenge for some.

Tactical Training: Cadets are trained in military tactics, which involve strategy, navigation, and combat skills. Learning these skills can be both mentally and physically demanding.

Adaptation to Military Culture: The transition from civilian life to military culture can be challenging. Cadets must embrace military values, traditions, and customs.

Pressure to Perform: There is a constant expectation to excel in all aspects of training, and the pressure to perform can be overwhelming at times.

Time Away from Family and Friends: NDA training can be physically and emotionally demanding, and being away from family and friends for extended periods can be difficult.

Limited Personal Freedom: Cadets have limited personal freedom during their training and must adhere to a strict daily routine, which can be challenging for some.

It is important to note that while these challenges can be daunting, they are an integral part of the training process at NDA, designed to prepare cadets for a career in the armed forces. Overcoming these challenges helps develop the resilience and skills required for a successful military career.

13. Safety Measurements to Avoid Injuries:

During National Defense Academy (NDA) training, the implementation of rigorous safety measures is paramount to prevent injuries and ensure the well-being of cadets. These measures encompass various aspects of physical and tactical training, including rigorous physical fitness exercises, combat simulations, and weapons training. Cadets are provided with comprehensive safety briefings, protective gear, and strict protocols to follow. Instructors are trained to prioritize safety and monitor cadets closely during exercises. The emphasis on discipline, adherence to safety protocols, and a culture of looking out for one another forms the foundation for minimizing the risk of injury and ensuring a successful and safe NDA training experience.

14. Type of Leave During Training:

There is no, any type of leave for cadets during the term. But they get 4 days Mid-Term break, during which they can meet their parents in the campus area only and after every term break in the months of Dec and Jun every year, they get 24 days leave to meet their parents. However, in case of an emergency in the family, cadets get a few days of special leave.

15. Training Fee For 3 Years:

On getting the joining letter for NDA, the next question comes to mind about the training fee. The entire training fee has been divided into the following five different categories for each term:-

This amount needs to be deposited in the NDA bank account or carry a draft for the same amount on joining. Some portion of this fee is exempted for those cadets whose parents having income less than Rs 21,000/- (Per Month). For which you have to produce income certificate duly singed by the competent authority.

16. Graduation and Commissioning:

Upon successful completion of the three-year training program, cadets are awarded a Bachelor’s degree from Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU). After graduation, Army cadets proceed to the Indian Military Academy (IMA) in Dehradun, Navy cadets to the Indian Naval Academy (INA) in Ezhimala, and Air Force cadets to the Air Force Academy (AFA) in Hyderabad for further specialized training in their respective branches.

17. Duty Hours in Comparison to Civil Servants:

Most civil servants finish their work in the office and never worry about it when they are at home. They rarely work 24×7, though technically, they are at the disposal of the government all the time. Most officers reach their offices at 9.30/10 AM and are back by 6 PM. Thereafter, they are free to do any type of personal work without getting any permission from their superiors. The majority of officers work for five days a week and enjoy two days off in a week. Only in certain assignments like DM, SP, they have to work beyond office hours. You might have to work 24×7 in case of emergencies like floods, earthquakes, riots etc. which happens only rarely. Whereas, all officers of the armed forces are employed for 24x7x365, they also perform duties on Sunday and gazetted holidays (52 Sundays and 14 gazetted holidays in a year). Even, during rest days, they are not allowed to leave the unit area without prior permission (by getting a day/night pass or leave) from the Commanding Officer.

18. Type of Leave After Commissioning:

All officers get two months of annual leave and twenty days of casual leave, which sounds good (normally one gets 14 days of casual leave out of 20) per year. Once in service, one can get study leave to enhance their education for up to two years with certain conditions. The CO of the unit approves leave plans of all officers, keeping in view unit programs like training of the unit/company, during courses, unit inspections, or any other important events.

19. Responsibilities & Restrictions:

Responsibilities: A wide range of responsibilities has been given to officers in the armed forces. They are responsible for the operational readiness and effectiveness of their companies/battalions. This includes ensuring that their soldiers are well-trained, disciplined, and prepared for combat or other operational requirements. They are also involved in planning and executing of military operations, working closely with their superiors to develop strategies, coordinate resources, and make tactical decisions. They are responsible for monitoring the welfare and morale of their troops, ensuring their well-being, and addressing any issues or concerns they may have. In addition, they are also responsible for the maintenance of equipment, managing logistics, and maintaining communication with higher-ranking officers and headquarters.

Restrictions: Broadly, the following restrictions are placed on armed forces officers:

1. Cannot join a political party or association.
2. Cannot make public speeches or opinions.
3. Need to get prior permission to travel abroad.
4. Need to get prior permission in writing to get marry.
5. Barred from any interaction with foreign nationals without permission.
6. Cannot discuss anything regarding your military matters in public or with civilians.
7. One cannot take a second job until his retirement.
8. Cannot create an alternate source of income except for fund investment.
9. No use of social media and write articles in the newspaper, etc.

As all officers come under the official Secret Act of 1923, the details of which are applicable and are revealed once you join the forces.

20. Pay, Perks After Commissioning:

The pay, perks, and promotions of NDA (National Defence Academy) cadets evolve as they progress in their military careers. As cadets, they do not receive any stipend that covers their basic expenses during their training at the NDA. Upon graduation and commissioning into the Indian Armed Forces.  However, they get it during further training at IMA, INA and AFA. The remuneration package includes a competitive salary, along with various allowances such as dearness allowance, field area allowance, and more, which are subject to change based on government policies.                                                                            

Other benefits in addition to pay and allowances:

(a) Leave encashment up to 300 days of last drawn salary.

(b) Study leave for two years with full pay and allowances.

(c) Life-long pension for the individual and spouse.

(d) Death cum Retirement Gratuity

(e) Foreign postings

(f) Traveling Concession

(g) Free medical treatment

(h) Free ration.

(j) canteen facilities

21. Promotion and Career Progress:

Promotions within the military hierarchy are based on a combination of factors, including merit, seniority and performance of the officer. As officers rise through the ranks, they become eligible for enhancements in benefits and responsibilities, which can include more substantial pay scales, improved housing facilities, and access to a broader range of perquisites. Normally, the following yardstick works to work out the number of years for the various ranks in the armed forces. However, in all cases, ACRs and professional courses are important:-

Conclusion:

The National Defence Academy entry is a highly competitive and prestigious path for young individuals who aspire to serve their nation as officers in the Indian Armed Forces. It not only provides comprehensive training but also molds individuals into leaders who can face the challenges of a military career with courage, honor and dedication.